Sexual Assault


	1. The Myths and Facts of Rape
	2. Penal Code
	3. Myths and Realities
	4. What to do when some discloses
	5. Relationship Danger Signals

	The Myths and Facts of Rape True or False? 1. One out of every seven women will be sexually assaulted by age eighteen. 2. Nine out of ten rapes are never reported. 3. Women tend to make false accusations. 4. An accused rapist is more likely to be acquitted than a person charged with any other major crime of violence. 5. In at least 80% of the cases, the rape survivors will be of the same race and class as their attackers. 6. The age group most likely to be victimized by rape is women between the ages of ten and twenty-nine. 7. In cases where the survivor does know the rapist, the closer the relationship, the less brutal the assault. 8. A person cannot be raped against her/his will. 9. Society has trained women to be passive and men to be aggressive. 10. Women frequently fantasize about rape. 11. Most often, women encourage their own rapes by their looks, behavior, and the way they dress. 12. Most rape survivors suffer from feelings of guilt and feel the crime was their fault. 13. The most common rape is by someone the survivor knows. 14. The explosive psychotic rapist accounts for most of the rape convictions. 15. Rapists tend to be unattractive. 16. Rapists have available sexual outlets either in their marriage or with consensual sexual partners 17. Even if they are legally separated, a husband�s sexual assault of his wife is not viewed as an act of rape by the courts. 18. Rapists seek sexual gratification. 19. The most common place for a rape to occur is in the survivor�s home, the rapist�s home, or the rapist�s car. Answers

	Penal Code 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 269 261. (a) Rape is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the perpetrator, under any of the following circumstances: (1) Where a person is incapable, because of a mental disorder or developmental or physical disability, of giving legal consent, and this is known or reasonably should be known to the person committing the act. Notwithstanding the existence of a conservatorship pursuant to the provisions of the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act (Part 1 (commencing with Section 5000) of Division 5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code), the prosecuting attorney shall prove, as an element of the crime, that a mental disorder or developmental or physical disability rendered the alleged victim incapable of giving consent. (2) Where it is accomplished against a person's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another. (3) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known by the accused. (4) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the accused. As used in this paragraph, "unconscious of the nature of the act" means incapable of resisting because the victim meets one of the following conditions: (A) Was unconscious or asleep. (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred. (C) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact. (D) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it served no professional purpose. (5) Where a person submits under the belief that the person committing the act is the victim's spouse, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief. (6) Where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person, and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat. As used in this paragraph, "threatening to retaliate" means a threat to kidnap or falsely imprison, or to inflict extreme pain, serious bodily injury, or death. (7) Where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another, and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official. As used in this paragraph, "public official" means a person employed by a governmental agency who has the authority, as part of that position, to incarcerate, arrest, or deport another. The perpetrator does not actually have to be a public official. (b) As used in this section, "duress" means a direct or implied threat of force, violence, danger, or retribution sufficient to coerce a reasonable person of ordinary susceptibilities to perform an act which otherwise would not have been performed, or acquiesce in an act to which one otherwise would not have submitted. The total circumstances, including the age of the victim, and his or her relationship to the defendant, are factors to consider in appraising the existence of duress. (c) As used in this section, "menace" means any threat, declaration, or act which shows an intention to inflict an injury upon another. 261.5. (a) Unlawful sexual intercourse is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person who is not the spouse of the perpetrator, if the person is a minor. For the purposes of this section, a "minor" is a person under the age of 18 years and an "adult" is a person who is at least 18 years of age. (b) Any person who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is not more than three years older or three years younger than the perpetrator, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (c) Any person who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is more than three years younger than the perpetrator is guilty of either a misdemeanor or a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison. (d) Any person 21 years of age or older who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is under 16 years of age is guilty of either a misdemeanor or a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years. (e) (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an adult who engages in an act of sexual intercourse with a minor in violation of this section may be liable for civil penalties in the following amounts: (A) An adult who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor less than two years younger than the adult is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000). (B) An adult who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor at least two years younger than the adult is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000). (C) An adult who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor at least three years younger than the adult is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000). (D) An adult over the age of 21 years who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor under 16 years of age is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000). (2) The district attorney may bring actions to recover civil penalties pursuant to this subdivision. From the amounts collected for each case, an amount equal to the costs of pursuing the action shall be deposited with the treasurer of the county in which the judgment was entered, and the remainder shall be deposited in the Underage Pregnancy Prevention Fund, which is hereby created in the State Treasury. Amounts deposited in the Underage Pregnancy Prevention Fund may be used only for the purpose of preventing underage pregnancy upon appropriation by the Legislature. (3) In addition to any punishment imposed under this section, the judge may assess a fine not to exceed seventy dollars ($70) against any person who violates this section with the proceeds of this fine to be used in accordance with Section 1463.23. The court shall, however, take into consideration the defendant's ability to pay, and no defendant shall be denied probation because of his or her inability to pay the fine permitted under this subdivision. 261.6. In prosecutions under Section 261, 262, 286, 288a, or 289, in which consent is at issue, "consent" shall be defined to mean positive cooperation in act or attitude pursuant to an exercise of free will. The person must act freely and voluntarily and have knowledge of the nature of the act or transaction involved. A current or previous dating or marital relationship shall not be sufficient to constitute consent where consent is at issue in a prosecution under Section 261, 262, 286, 288a, or 289. Nothing in this section shall affect the admissibility of evidence or the burden of proof on the issue of consent. 261.7. In prosecutions under Section 261, 262, 286, 288a, or 289, in which consent is at issue, evidence that the victim suggested, requested, or otherwise communicated to the defendant that the defendant use a condom or other birth control device, without additional evidence of consent, is not sufficient to constitute consent. Top 262. (a) Rape of a person who is the spouse of the perpetrator is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished under any of the following circumstances: (1) Where it is accomplished against a person's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another. (2) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known, by the accused. (3) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the accused. As used in this paragraph, "unconscious of the nature of the act" means incapable of resisting because the victim meets one of the following conditions: (A) Was unconscious or asleep. (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred. (C) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact. (4) Where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person, and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat. As used in this paragraph, "threatening to retaliate" means a threat to kidnap or falsely imprison, or to inflict extreme pain, serious bodily injury, or death. (5) Where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another, and the victim has reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official. As used in this paragraph, "public official" means a person employed by a governmental agency who has the authority, as part of that position, to incarcerate, arrest, or deport another. The perpetrator does not actually have to be a public official. (b) Section 800 shall apply to this section. However, no prosecution shall be commenced under this section unless the violation was reported to medical personnel, a member of the clergy, an attorney, a shelter representative, a counselor, a judicial officer, a rape crisis agency, a prosecuting agency, a law enforcement officer, or a firefighter within one year after the date of the violation. This reporting requirement shall not apply if the victim's allegation of the offense is corroborated by independent evidence that would otherwise be admissible during trial. (c) As used in this section, "duress" means a direct or implied threat of force, violence, danger, or retribution sufficient to coerce a reasonable person of ordinary susceptibilities to perform an act which otherwise would not have been performed, or acquiesce in an act to which one otherwise would not have submitted. The total circumstances, including the age of the victim, and his or her relationship to the defendant, are factors to consider in apprising the existence of duress. (d) As used in this section, "menace" means any threat, declaration, or act that shows an intention to inflict an injury upon another. (e) If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of this section, the conditions of probation may include, in lieu of a fine, one or both of the following requirements: (1) That the defendant make payments to a battered women's shelter, up to a maximum of one thousand dollars ($1,000). (2) That the defendant reimburse the victim for reasonable costs of counseling and other reasonable expenses that the court finds are the direct result of the defendant's offense. For any order to pay a fine, make payments to a battered women's shelter, or pay restitution as a condition of probation under this subdivision, the court shall make a determination of the defendant's ability to pay. In no event shall any order to make payments to a battered women's shelter be made if it would impair the ability of the defendant to pay direct restitution to the victim or court-ordered child support. Where the injury to a married person is caused in whole or in part by the criminal acts of his or her spouse in violation of this section, the community property may not be used to discharge the liability of the offending spouse for restitution to the injured spouse, required by Section 1203.04, as operative on or before August 2, 1995, or Section 1202.4, or to a shelter for costs with regard to the injured spouse and dependents, required by this section, until all separate property of the offending spouse is exhausted. Top 263. The essential guilt of rape consists in the outrage to the person and feelings of the victim of the rape. Any sexual penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete the crime. Top 264. (b) In addition to any punishment imposed under this section the judge may assess a fine not to exceed seventy dollars ($70) against any person who violates Section 261 or 262 with the proceeds of this fine to be used in accordance with Section 1463.23. The court shall, however, take into consideration the defendant's ability to pay, and no defendant shall be denied probation because of his or her inability to pay the fine permitted under this subdivision. 264.1. The provisions of Section 264 notwithstanding, in any case in which the defendant, voluntarily acting in concert with another person, by force or violence and against the will of the victim, committed an act described in Section 261, 262, or 289, either personally or by aiding and abetting the other person, that fact shall be charged in the indictment or information and if found to be true by the jury, upon a jury trial, or if found to be true by the court, upon a court trial, or if admitted by the defendant, the defendant shall suffer confinement in the state prison for five, seven, or nine years. 264.2. (a) Whenever there is an alleged violation or violations of subdivision (e) of Section 243, or Section 261, 261.5, 262, 273.5, 286, 288a, or 289, the law enforcement officer assigned to the case shall immediately provide the victim of the crime with the "Victims of Domestic Violence" card, as specified in subparagraph (G) of paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) of Section 13701 of the Penal Code. (b) (1) The law enforcement officer, or his or her agency, shall immediately notify the local rape victim counseling center, whenever a victim of an alleged violation of Section 261, 261.5, 262, 286, 288a, or 289 is transported to a hospital for any medical evidentiary or physical examination. The victim shall have the right to have a sexual assault victim counselor, as defined in Section 1035.2 of the Evidence Code, and a support person of the victim's choosing present at any medical evidentiary or physical examination. (2) Prior to the commencement of any initial medical evidentiary or physical examination arising out of a sexual assault, a victim shall be notified orally or in writing by the medical provider that the victim has the right to have present a sexual assault victim counselor and at least one other support person of the victim's choosing. (3) The hospital may verify with the law enforcement officer, or his or her agency, whether the local rape victim counseling center has been notified, upon the approval of the victim. (4) A support person may be excluded from a medical evidentiary or physical examination if the law enforcement officer or medical provider determines that the presence of that individual would be detrimental to the purpose of the examination. Top 265. Every person who takes any woman unlawfully, against her will, and by force, menace or duress, compels her to marry him, or to marry any other person, or to be defiled, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison. Top 266. Every person who inveigles or entices any unmarried female, of previous chaste character, under the age of 18 years, into any house of ill fame, or of assignation, or elsewhere, for the purpose of prostitution, or to have illicit carnal connection with any man; and every person who aids or assists in such inveiglement or enticement; and every person who, by any false pretenses, false representation, or other fraudulent means, procures any female to have illicit carnal connection with any man, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by both such fine and imprisonment. 266a. Every person who, within this state, takes any person against his or her will and without his or her consent, or with his or her consent procured by fraudulent inducement or misrepresentation, for the purpose of prostitution, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 647, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, and a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000). 266b. Every person who takes any other person unlawfully, and against his or her will, and by force, menace, or duress, compels him or her to live with such person in an illicit relation, against his or her consent, or to so live with any other person, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison. 266c. Every person who induces any other person to engage in sexual intercourse, sexual penetration, oral copulation, or sodomy when his or her consent is procured by false or fraudulent representation or pretense that is made with the intent to create fear, and which does induce fear, and that would cause a reasonable person in like circumstances to act contrary to the person's free will, and does cause the victim to so act, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for two, three, or four years. As used in this section, "fear" means the fear of physical injury or death to the person or to any relative of the person or member of the person's family. 266d. Any person who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of placing in custody any other person for the purpose of causing the other person to cohabit with any person to whom the other person is not married, is guilty of a felony. 266e. Every person who purchases, or pays any money or other valuable thing for, any person for the purpose of prostitution as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 647, or for the purpose of placing such person, for immoral purposes, in any house or place against his or her will, is guilty of a felony. 266f. Every person who sells any person or receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of his or her placing in custody, for immoral purposes, any person, whether with or without his or her consent, is guilty of a felony. 266g. Every man who, by force, intimidation, threats, persuasion, promises, or any other means, places or leaves, or procures any other person or persons to place or leave, his wife in a house of prostitution, or connives at or consents to, or permits, the placing or leaving of his wife in a house of prostitution, or allows or permits her to remain therein, is guilty of a felony and punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three or four years; and in all prosecutions under this section a wife is a competent witness against her husband. 266h. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), any person who, knowing another person is a prostitute, lives or derives support or maintenance in whole or in part from the earnings or proceeds of the person's prostitution, or from money loaned or advanced to or charged against that person by any keeper or manager or inmate of a house or other place where prostitution is practiced or allowed, or who solicits or receives compensation for soliciting for the person, is guilty of pimping, a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or six years. (b) If the person engaged in prostitution is a minor over the age of 16 years, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or six years. If the person engaged in prostitution is under 16 years of age, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, six, or eight years. 266i. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), any person who does any of the following is guilty of pandering, a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or six years: (1) Procures another person for the purpose of prostitution. (2) By promises, threats, violence, or by any device or scheme, causes, induces, persuades or encourages another person to become a prostitute. (3) Procures for another person a place as an inmate in a house of prostitution or as an inmate of any place in which prostitution is encouraged or allowed within this state. (4) By promises, threats, violence or by any device or scheme, causes, induces, persuades or encourages an inmate of a house of prostitution, or any other place in which prostitution is encouraged or allowed, to remain therein as an inmate. (5) By fraud or artifice, or by duress of person or goods, or by abuse of any position of confidence or authority, procures another person for the purpose of prostitution, or to enter any place in which prostitution is encouraged or allowed within this state, or to come into this state or leave this state for the purpose of prostitution. (6) Receives or gives, or agrees to receive or give, any money or thing of value for procuring, or attempting to procure, another person for the purpose of prostitution, or to come into this state or leave this state for the purpose of prostitution. (b) If the other person is a minor over the age of 16 years, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or six years. Where the other person is under 16 years of age, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, six, or eight years. 266j. Any person who intentionally gives, transports, provides, or makes available, or who offers to give, transport, provide, or make available to another person, a child under the age of 16 for the purpose of any lewd or lascivious act as defined in Section 288, or who causes, induces, or persuades a child under the age of 16 to engage in such an act with another person, is guilty of a felony and shall be imprisoned in the state prison for a term of three, six, or eight years, and by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000). 266k. (a) Upon the conviction of any person for a violation of Section 266h, 266i, or 266j, the court may, in addition to any other penalty or fine imposed, order the defendant to pay an additional fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000). In setting the amount of the fine, the court shall consider any relevant factors including, but not limited to, the seriousness and gravity of the offense and the circumstances of its commission, whether the defendant derived any economic gain as the result of the crime, and the extent to which the victim suffered losses as a result of the crime. Every fine imposed and collected under this section shall be deposited in the Victim-Witness Assistance Fund to be available for appropriation to fund child sexual exploitation and child sexual abuse victim counseling centers and prevention programs under Section 13837. (b) If the court orders a fine to be imposed pursuant to this section, the actual administrative cost of collecting that fine, not to exceed 2 percent of the total amount paid, may be paid into the general fund of the county treasury for the use and benefit of the county. Top 267. Every person who takes away any other person under the age of 18 years from the father, mother, guardian, or other person having the legal charge of the other person, without their consent, for the purpose of prostitution, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, and a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000). Top 269. (a) Any person who commits any of the following acts upon a child who is under 14 years of age and 10 or more years younger than the person is guilty of aggravated sexual assault of a child: (1) A violation of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 261. (2) A violation of Section 264.1. (3) Sodomy, in violation of Section 286, when committed by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person. (4) Oral copulation, in violation of Section 288a, when committed by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person. (5) A violation of subdivision (a) of Section 289. (b) Any person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 15 years to life. Top

	Myths and Realities MYTH: Women asked to be raped. Reality: No one asks to be raped. Research data clearly proves that the way a woman dress and/or acts, does not influence the rapist's choice of victims. The decision to rape is based on how easily it is perceived that the target can be intimidated. Rapists are looking for available and vulnerable. MYTH: Rape can't/won't happen to me. Reality: No one is safe. Anyone is at risk, regardless of age (victims range in age from 2 months to 98 years), sex, race, class, culture, religion, occupation, education, sexual orientation, or physical appearance. MYTH: Rape is an imulsive act, committted by a stranger. Reality: Often rape is carefully planned by the rapist. A rapist will rape again and again, usually in the same area of town and in the same way. 60-80% of the time the rapist is known to the victim--as a relative, friend, co-worker, or other acquaintance. MYTH: You can tell a rapist by appearance. Reality: Rapists are not physically identifiable. They may appear normal, friendly, and nonthreatening. Many are young, married, and have children. They can be of any ago, sex, race, religion, occupation, sexual orientation, or physical description. MYTH: Sexual gratification is the primary motive for rape--rapists are just people who need a lot of sex. Reality: The primary motives for rape are power, control, and anger--not sex. Most rapist have access to a sexual partner. The rapist is an angry, hostile person who acts out aggression on any person perceived as vulnerable. Gratification comes from gaining power and control and from discharging anger. This gratification is only temporary, so the rapist seeks another victim. Many rapists are sexually dysfunctional. MYTH: Most rape reports are false. Reality: According to FBI crime statistics, less than 2% of the reported rape cases are found to be false. There are no more false reports of the rape than false reports of any other violent crime. MYTH: Women fantasize about being raped. Reality: No woman fantasizes about being raped. Fantasies about aggressive sex may be controlled and turned off if they become threatening. Victims have no control over the violence being done to them. MYTH: If you can't stop it, just lay back and enjoy it. Reality: Rape is not a mutual sex act to be enjoyed. No person can enjoy being terrorized, humiliated, and violated. Rape survivors often report a fear of being murdered during the attack. MYTH: Rape is just unwanted sex. Reality: Rape is a violent crime committed against a person's will. Rape is a brutal, humiliating, and terrorizing assault. MYTH: Never fight back or resist, because you will only aggravate the rapist. Reality: In some situations, passive resistance may be the best decision. Women often successfully avert the assault by using any defensive strategy open to them. You must do what you feel is appropriate in order to survivr. Knowing your options can be of tremendouse benefit if you are confronted. MYTH: Most rapes are interracial. Reality: THe majority of rapes involve persons of the same race or culture. The majority of rapists are white males. MYTH: A person can't rape his/her spouse. Reality:Spousal rape isa crime in California. The idea that a person can't rape his/her spouse suggests that married people don't have the same rights as unmarried people. People who force, manipulate, or coerce a spouse into a sex act are committnig the crime of rape. Most battered women have experienced some form of sexual abuse within their marriage. Spousal rape is rarely reported to law enforcement agencies. It is also known that ex-spouses sometimes use raps as a form of retaliation. MYTH: There is more sexual assault because of women's liberation. Reality: Sexual assault has existed for centuries. It is only because of the women's liberation movement that women started talking openly about what was happening to them, and the problem became more visible. MYTH: Adult men can't be raped. Reality: Man can be raped. They are most often raped by heterosexual males. Instances were women rape men are extremely rare as are instances in which homosexual men are the offenders. Homosexual and heterosexual men are most often raped by heterosexual males. Male rape occurs in every community, not just in institutional settings. Sometimes, gangs use male rape to control gang members. Male rape is rarely reported, due largely to the lack of support and unrealistic male sex-role expectations in our society.

	What to do when some discloses Believe the survivor-Even if no weapons were used, if it wasn't reported to the police, if the assaliant was known by the survivor, or the survivor has no bruises, marks or evidence of physical harm. If the person says they were raped, that is enough! They survivor needs your support. Reassure the survivor-The survivor needs to be assured that survivial is what matters. This is NOT the time for questions like, "Why didn't you run?" or "Why didn't you scream?" Such questions only put blame on the survivor. Accept the survivor's feelings-Let the survivor know that its okay to have the feelings she/he has. By not accepting the survivor's feelings, it is telling her/him that it is not okay to have those feelings. Listen- Don't be afraid to talk about the rape if the survivor wants to. Support without taking over- Rape is where all control has been taken away. It is important to give control back to the survivor. Encourage medical treatment and/or calling Project SISTER (or another rape crisis hotline). Do NOT blame the survivor. Do NOT encourage the survivor to take the law into her/his own hands. Do NOT contact the police WITHOUT consent from the survivor.

	Relationship Danger Signals Watch out for individuals who: Ignore what you say. Those who have little respect for you are more likely to hear "no" as "convince me." Ignore your personal space Express anger towards your gender. Such people can get angry when you say "no". Do what they want regardless of what you want. Accuse you of being "uptight" when you resis their sexual advances Are extremely possessive. Have unrealistic social expectations or ideas about your gender. Such people are not likely to take your objections to sex seriously. Individuals who drink heavily.